Diario de sarah_oberlin

Waldsteinia: style deciduous; basal leaves commonly trifoliate or 3-lobed, lacking small leaflets toward the base of the petiole. Leaflets are fan-shaped, lacking sharp teeth. Hairy leaves & petioles. Overall, a low herb 10-20 cm tall prone to clustering/matting. Has several-flowered loose cyme on a stalk that about equals the leaves in length, with 5 sepals & petals.
Commonly confused with Coptis trifolia: Leaves shinier than in Waldsteinia, marginal teeth longer, veins bulging on leaf adaxial (upper) surface, while in barren strawberry veins are impressed.

https://fsus.ncbg.unc.edu/show-key.php?highlighttaxonid=3122
Waldsteinia Lobata: Leaves trilobed (the sinuses cleft 1/4 to 3/4 the way to the midrib); leaves rather densely pubescent with stiff hairs, these distributed on the veins and on the intervein surfaces; [of a small area at the southern terminus of the Southern Appalachians in n. GA, nw. SC, and sw. NC)
Waldsteinia Ternata: Trifoliate leaves, petals longer than the sepals, 4-7 mm wide, tiny bractlets/epicalyx about 1/3-1/2 as long as the sepals, strongly overlapping adjacent petals. Deeply cleft leaves - leaflets with the deepest sinuses extending usually more than 50% of the distance to the midvein when measured at the angle of the sinuses and veins. Observation: more hairs on adaxial surface, more and sharper teeth in leaf margin, more likely to be deep green & glossy in maturity. http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=200011833
Key developed by Arthur Haines in New England:
(https://newfs-society.s3.amazonaws.com/documents/NPN_Fall_2020_Winter_2021.pdf , page 16
Only known to have escaped into the wild in New England.
Waldsteinia Fragarioides (wald-STINE-ee-uh fray-gare-ee-OY-deez): Trifoliate leaves, sepals without bractlets, adjacent petals not overlapping. There are numerous stamens (50?) Sepal length & petal shape varies with ssp. Leaflets are broadly cuneate-obovate, 2-8 cm long and 2-6 cm wide, straight tapered below the middle, widest above middle. The upper half of the leaf is rounded and coarsely toothed and often shallowly 3-lobed. The leaves are only sparsely hairy. The lateral leaflets are asymmetrical and the middle leaflet is usually longer and wider than the lateral ones; the leaves generally turn somewhat bronze in the winter; stipules are adnate to the petiole or obsolete. Observation: yellow stamens. Leaflets with the deepest sinuses extending usually less than 50% of the distance to the midvein when measured at the angle of the sinuses and veins.
http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=1&taxon_id=242417492
Commonly North NC and KY northward: Waldsteinia fragarioides ssp. fragarioides has obovate to broadly elliptic petals mostly 5-10 mm long and more than half as wide, obtuse or rounded and evidently exceeding the sepals.
VA and KY southward: may see Waldsteinia fragarioides ssp. doniana. This ssp. has lance-elliptic or narrowly elliptic petals mostly 2.5-5 mm long, less than half as wide, often acute, and shorter than to barely exceeding the sepals.
Per Arthur Haines: If an epicalyx is present but not the broad petals & lobed leaflets, it may not be Geum ternatum s.s. (of Asia), but "Geum trifolium" of Europe (per Arthur Haines). "Geum trifolium" is usually included in Geum ternatum, but the two populations are separated by 5000 km and phylogenetic work shows them to be distinct.
Waldsteinia geoides:
Per second volume of "Flora Europaea" (page 36): Rhizome erect or shortly creeping. Leaves broadly cordate-reniform, with 5-7 lobes, coarsely serrate. Stems 15-25 cm, 3- to 7-flowered, with leaf-like bracts. Flowers 10-15 mm, petals auricled at the base. 2n=14. E.C. Europe extending to S. Bulgaria and W. Ukraine.
Per Bolle, 1933 (https://pbc.gda.pl/dlibra/publication/95540/edition/86202/): No above-ground runners. Basal leaves only ± deeply lobed. Inflorescence with true leaves; multi-flowered. The leaves of the inflorescence usually stalked. Flowers fairly large. Outer calyx present. Glandular hairs absent on calyx and flower stalks. Petals provided with auricles at the bottom. Carpels 3-5. Stalks very short
Per Protopopova 2023 (https://www.mdpi.com/1424-2818/15/4/479): well-developed leaf-like bracts, bowl-shaped receptacle, peltate petals, glabrous peduncles, which are concrescent in the lower half

Copy Pastes:
Hello, I believe that this is W. geoides due to the broadly cordate-reniform, 5 lobed leaf shape. The computer vision does not recognize this species yet unfortunately.
Hello, I believe that this is W. ternata due to the visible epicalyx. https://fsus.ncbg.unc.edu/show-key.php?highlighttaxonid=3122 is my key if you wish to know more. W. ternata is used in landscaping and unfortunately commonly mis-sold as W. fragarioides in the native plant trade. It is not known to have escaped into the wild in the US. Would you know if this is cultivated?
Hello I believe this is W. fragarioides doniana due to the narrow petals that are approximately as long as the sepals! https://fsus.ncbg.unc.edu/main.php?pg=show-key.php&highlighttaxonid=3121#verttarget is my key if you want to learn more. Because some publications have asserted that W. fragarioides subspecies doniana should be re-classified as its own species (Geum doniana), I think it's important to distinguish to subspecies level in case of a future taxon split.
In the mid right we can see a rare fungus on this plant, Ustacystis waldsteiniae, and this would only be the 5th observation of it on iNaturalist. Very exciting! Would you please duplicate this observation and resubmit it for Ustacystis waldsteiniae?
Ongoing North American Waldsteinias Need IDs: https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/identify?per_page=200&verifiable=true&taxon_id=119797&place_id=97394

To do:
Read paper https://www.mdpi.com/1424-2818/15/4/479
Annotate re: leaves & buds all Waldsteinias already w "Flower": https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/identify?reviewed=true&per_page=50&quality_grade=needs_id%2Ccasual%2Cresearch&verifiable=true&taxon_id=119797&term_id=12&without_term_id=36
Annotate re: flowers & leaves all Casual-RG Waldsteinias:

Two species of Mazus (Mazaceae) are naturalized in North America, Mazus pumilus and Mazus miquelii.
Per http://floranorthamerica.org/Mazus, Mazus sp. in USA may be corolla purplish to violet and white or white with throats usually spotted yellow,
Per Michiganflora.net, [Mazus miquelii] has abundant, very slender stolons, and roots freely at the nodes. A white form is also commonly cultivated and may escape.
Per James S. Pringle "The Identification, Nomenclature, and Naturalized Distribution of Mazus miquelii (Mazaceae) in North America," Castanea 83(2), 216-223, (30 August 2018). https://doi.org/10.2179/17-154

1.Annuals, without stolons; stems generally sparsely to conspicuously puberulent at least proximally with acute, non-glandular hairs to ca. 0.5 mm long, these gradually but sometimes not completely replaced distally by minute, rounded, glandular papillae; larger leaves usually with midveins (abaxially) and petiole-like bases usually – puberulent; inflorescence a raceme or few-branched panicle of (1–)3–15(–25) flowers; calyx (in
flower) 4–6 mm long, lobed 0.5–0.6 3 its length, glabrous or abaxially puberulent along the primary veins;
corolla 7–10 mm long; lower lip of corolla abruptly (nearly 908) becoming wider than the tube where the upper and lower lips diverge; lobes (terminal teeth) of upper lip of corolla 0.6–1 mm long . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . .. . . . . . Mazus pumilus

1.Perennials, with leafy stolons rooting at the nodes; stems without acute, non-glandular hairs, distally withminute glandular papillae to ca. 0.05 mm long; leaves glabrous; inflorescence a raceme of 1–5(–8) flowers; calyx (in flower) 4–8 mm long, lobed 0.45–0.65 3 its length, glabrous except for minute glands;
corolla 13–26 mm long; lower lip of corolla gradually widening (ca. 458) distal to the divergence of the lips; lobes of upper lip of corolla 1.5–4 mm long . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Mazus miquelii

Mazaceae on down in US: https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/identify?place_id=1&taxon_id=571193&per_page=100

https://fsus.ncbg.unc.edu/main.php?pg=show-key.php&highlighttaxonid=3150#K39971L3a
https://gobotany.nativeplanttrust.org/dkey/potentilla/#c16
http://www.namethatplant.net/plantdetail.shtml?plant=3255

https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/identify?per_page=100&order=asc&verifiable=true&taxon_id=55732&place_id=6853%2C9116%2C7587%2C17%2C41%2C47%2C2%2C8%2C49%2C48%2C51%2C42%2C4%2C67090%2C39%2C10311%2C7289%2C13336%2C6883%2C31%2C29%2C20%2C32%2C35%2C26%2C33%2C7%2C30%2C45%2C43%2C36%2C37%2C27%2C21%2C23%2C19

Key Characteristics:
Norwegian cinquefoil produces a basal rosette of trifoliate leaves from a taproot. Lower leaves continue to be trifoliate.
In maturity, it has a green or red stem growing erect up to about 50 cm (20 in) in maximum length and branching in its upper parts. The flowering stalks have long spreading hairs which are stiff, tubercle-based, to 3 mm long.
Leaves become smaller and with shorter petioles as they progress up the stalk. Each leaflet is up to 5 cm (2 in) long and is widely lance-shaped with toothed edges. The basal leaves have narrow, sharp-tipped stipules while the upper leaves have elliptical stipules which are longer than the leaf stalks. The end leaflets may be lobed in 2 or 3 parts, especially on lower leaves, but the lateral leaflets are not typically lobed.
The inflorescence is a terminal cyme of several flowers. 5 green bracts. Each flower has five rounded yellow petals 3-5mm long inside a calyx of hairy, pointed sepals with reddish tips. Petals are slightly shorter than to subequal in length to the sepals. There are fifteen to twenty stamens, a separate gynoecium and many pistils. The calyx lengthens after flowering and the fruit is a cluster of pale brown achenes, green-brown to brown, striate-ribbed.

Look alike: Potentilla rivalis:
androecium with mostly 10 stamens bearing anthers 0.2–0.3 mm long, stems villous, and petals 1.3–3 mm long, petals conspicuously Shorter than the sepals
(vs. P. norvegica, with the androecium with 15–20 stamens bearing anthers 0.3–0.5 mm long, stems hirsute, and petals 2–5 mm long, petals slightly Shorter than to subequal in length to the sepals).

Self Stats: https://www.inaturalist.org/stats/2024/sarah_oberlin
Identifications by Sp.: https://www.inaturalist.org/observations?ident_user_id=sarah_oberlin&not_user_id=sarah_oberlin&place_id=any&subview=map&view=species
My comments: https://www.inaturalist.org/comments?mine=true
My mavericks: https://www.inaturalist.org/identifications?user_id=sarah_oberlin&category=maverick
My pre-mavericks: https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/identify?quality_grade=casual%2Cneeds_id&lrank=subtribe&project_id=156949&user_id=sarah_oberlin&place_id=any

https://forum.inaturalist.org/t/laymans-guide-to-fungus-orders-families/46181/33
https://forum.inaturalist.org/t/whats-in-your-field-kit/1421
https://bplant.org/id_comparison.php
https://www.mushroomexpert.com/studying.html#describing
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glossary_of_botanical_terms#A
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glossary_of_leaf_morphology

https://auth1.dpr.ncparks.gov/bugs/index.php

https://www.inaturalist.org/pages/responses#welcome
https://help.inaturalist.org/en/support/solutions/articles/151000169932-what-does-captive-cultivated-mean-
Welcome Wagon: https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/identify?order_by=random&user_after=1w&place_id=30
Hello, I don't know if you've gotten a chance to look at this article yet https://help.inaturalist.org/en/support/solutions/articles/151000169932-what-does-captive-cultivated-mean but iNat asks that all captive or cultivated organisms be marked as Not Wild in the Data Quality Assessment. I will mark this accordingly.

Yellow Label Projects - Unknowns
https://www.inaturalist.org/projects/all-phylogenetic-projects-a-i
https://www.inaturalist.org/projects/all-phylogenetic-projects-j-s
https://www.inaturalist.org/projects/all-phylogenetic-projects-t-z

https://forum.inaturalist.org/t/help-me-identify-non-experts-welcome/2915/27
https://forum.inaturalist.org/t/computer-vision-clean-up-archive/7281
https://forum.inaturalist.org/t/ways-to-help-out-on-inat-wiki/1983
https://forum.inaturalist.org/t/easy-way-to-mark-multiple-species-observations/278/179

https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/identify?iconic_taxa=unknown&per_page=100&verifiable=any&project_id=6488
https://www.inaturalist.org/journal/jeanphilippeb/73398
https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/identify?page=2&verifiable=any&project_id=155242&place_id=1
https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/identify?per_page=100&iconic_taxa=unknown&order_by=random&not_in_project=variable-species-and-other-life%2Cmicroscopy&without_taxon_id=67333%2C131236%2C151817%2C48222&photos=true&without_term_id=22&place_id=30

https://www.inaturalist.org/projects/2021-jan-feb-id-a-thon/journal/45541-fun-trick-with-search-urls
https://forum.inaturalist.org/t/how-to-use-inaturalists-search-urls-wiki-part-1-of-2/63
https://forum.inaturalist.org/t/how-to-use-inaturalists-search-urls-wiki-part-2-of-2/18792

Person + ident Taxon: https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/identify?reviewed=any&per_page=100&place_id=1&ident_user_id=sarah_oberlin&ident_taxon_id=885411
Look at class-level disagreements: https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/identify?quality_grade=needs_id%2Cresearch&page=9&lrank=class&ident_taxon_id=53186&place_id=1

Both plants share these characteristics: Leaves palmately compound, deep green, trifoliate with pinnate and cross-venulate vennation, crenate leaf margins. The plant spreads along creeping stolons. Flowers solitary with 5 yellow petals, narrowly obovate to elliptic. 5 bracts, widened upward with 3(5) teeth, interspersed with 5 shorter sepals. The unsweet aggregate accessory fruits consist of an expanded fleshy receptacle bearing superficial/protruding red achenes and whitish interior flesh. Best distinguished by the fruiting receptacles and achenes. Observation: Paired outer leaflets may become deeply cleft so it appears to have 5 leaflets(in dry conditions?)
Common lookalike: Fragaria has white petals, serrate teeth, recessed achenes & pinnate (not cross-venulate) vennation.
Duchesnea: http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=1&taxon_id=111019
Potentilla indica, formerly known as Duchesnea indica: Worldwide distribution.
Hara & Kurosawa 1959: Achenes smooth or obsoletely elevated-nerved, glossy when fresh. Fruiting receptacles bright red glossy 11-20 mm across, with a red neck. Plants generally larger in all respects. Leaves deeper green, leaflets obovate— rhombic-oblong, up to 4-7 cm long, lateral ones often bifid.
Sojak 2012: narrowly obovate petals, the green, rather thick leaves, the rhombic-oblong and acute central leaflet, the red fruiting receptacle, and the red and almost smooth achene surface.
US P. Indica key: https://fsus.ncbg.unc.edu/main.php?pg=show-key.php&highlighttaxonid=3150#verttarget
Potentilla hebiichigo, formerly known as Duchesnea chrysantha: Japan, Taiwan, Korea, China, Philippines and Indonesia.
Hara & Kurosawa 1959: Achenes distinctly rugose-tubercled, not shinning. Fruiting receptacles pinkish white not shinning 8-12 mm across, with a whitish neck. Plants smaller. Leaves yellowish green, leaflets rounded-obovate, less than 3 cm long 2.5 cm v wide. presence of accessory buds in axils of leaves
Sojak 2012: pink fruiting receptacle, obcordate petals, yellowish-green leaves, slender, broadly ovate and obtuse middle leaflet, and brownish, rugose or tuberculate achenes
https://archive.org/details/journal-japanese-botany-34-161-166/page/166/mode/1up
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/331414722_hebiichigo_JJB83_301_305_2008
https://www.cabidigitallibrary.org/doi/pdf/10.5555/20230077975
^Faghir et al 2022, doi: 10.22092/ijb.2022.128184
Find :10.1127/1869-6155/2012/0130-0060 Potentilla L. (Rosaceae) and related genera in Asia (excluding the former USSR), Africa and New Guinea - Notes on Potentilla XXVIII for

Potentilla indica in the America: https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/identify?ident_taxon_id=243824&place_id=97394,97389&per_page=100
P. hebiichigo in the Americas: https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/identify?verifiable=true&ident_taxon_id=460193&place_id=97394,97389
Potentillas of United States: https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/identify?per_page=100&place_id=1&taxon_id=53186
Potentilleae of United States: https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/identify?per_page=100&place_id=1&hrank=supertribe&lrank=subtribe&taxon_id=885411

Deep Dive in Potentillas in the US:
As of 08/23/24, looked up until July 20th, 2023.
https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/identify?page=188&order=asc&taxon_id=53186&place_id=1&d1=2023-07-19&d2=2024-08-23&without_taxon_id=55732%2C78726%2C62211
Copy-Pastes: https://www.inaturalist.org/pages/responses#welcome
Potentilla hebiichigo is characterized by matte, rugose-tuberculate achenes and matte, pinkish-white fruiting receptacles. Potentilla indica has glossy, smooth achenes and a red fruiting receptacle.
Hello! This Potentilla shows multi-toothed bractlets so I believe it is P. indica.
http://www.namethatplant.net/plantdetail.shtml?plant=498 is a good visual guide if you wish to know more.
Luckily it is possible to ID this species from the leaf or fruit alone but for many plants that is not possible. For future observations, could you please take more photos? For plant ID, it's good to get a photo of: a wide view of the whole plant & the surrounding environment, a good shot of the leaves, stems, flowers, back of the flower and fruit attached if possible. This would help future IDers help you.

https://fsus.ncbg.unc.edu/show-key.php?highlighttaxonid=3447
Differential Key

http://www.phytologia.org/uploads/2/3/4/2/23422706/913501-526nesomoxalisintheus.pdf
TAXONOMIC NOTES ON ACAULESCENT OXALIS
(OXALIDACEAE) IN THE UNITED STATES
Guy L. Nesom

From www.naturespot.org.uk
https://gobotany.nativeplanttrust.org/dkey/trifolium/
http://www.namethatplant.net/4DCGI/Query?scientificname=Trifolium
https://fsus.ncbg.unc.edu/main.php?pg=show-key.php&highlighttaxonid=65985#K39894L3a

Trifolium dubium
Low to short, usually hairy with spreading to ascending stems. Trifoliate, leaflets oval to heart shaped, the terminal leaflet short-stalked. Flowers yellow, becoming browner with age, small 2 to 3 mm in small heads with up to 6 flowers.
Standards are ridged like a roof and fold down either side of the pods, unlike Trifolium campestre. Flowers brighter and smaller than Hop Trefoil. When not in fruit, both trefoils are similar to Black Medick in flower, but Black Medick leaves are much more hairy and have an apiculate point (i.e a short fine 'needle' from the end of the leaflet)

Hop Trefoil - Trifolium campestre
Short, hairy, erect plant. Trifoliate, leaflets oval, narrowed towards the base, the central one short stalked. Flowers pale yellow, becoming pale brown eventually, 4 to 5 mm long in small, globose, stalked heads to 15 mm across.
Broad, flat standards that fold downwards over the pods, looking a bit like a hop-flower. Larger and paler than Lesser Hop-trefoil, and turns brownish with age. Both trefoils are similar to Black Medick in flower, but Black Medick leaves are much more hairy and have an apiculate point (i.e a short fine 'needle' from the end of the leaflet)

Slender Trefoil - Trifolium micranthum
It has between 2 and 6 small yellow flowers in each head which helps to distinguish it from Lesser trefoil (T. dubium) which has up to 15.

Black Medick - Medicago lupulina
Low, often prostrate, hairy plant. Leaves are trifoliate and widest above the middle, with a nerve protruding at the broad end of each leaflet in the centre. Flowers yellow, 2 to 3 mm, many to a raceme. Pods coiled, sickle or kidney shaped, 1.5 to 3 mm, black when ripe
If there aren't any fruits, distinguished from the Hop-trefoils by the apiculate leaves - i.e. with a short fine 'needle' at the apex of the leaf. The leaves are also much hairier than the leaves of Hop-trefoils.