Shield Lichen
Parmelia sulcata
Summary 3
Net-marked parmelia (Parmelia sulcata), or Shield lichen, is a lichen in the family Parmeliaceae. It is very tolerant of pollution and is widespread, making it one of the most common lichens.
Description 4
Thallus: adnate, foliose, 4-20 cm in diam., lobate; lobes: sublinear, contiguous to imbricate, elongate, plane, separate, 2-4 mm wide, apices truncate; upper surface: gray, smooth to strongly foveolate, shiny, sometimes white pruinose, becoming cracked along prominent, effigurate pseudocyphellae; soredia: granular, abundant, laminal, in linear soralia; isidia, pustulae and dactyls absent; medulla: white with continuous algal layer; lower surface: black, rhizinate; rhizines moderately dense, black, simple; Apothecia: rare, laminal, 2-8 mm wide; margin: usually sorediate; disc: dark brown; asci: clavate, 8-spored; ascospores: ellipsoid, 11-14 x 6-8 µm; Pycnidia: infrequent, immersed; conidia: bacilliform, 6-8 x 1 µm; Spot tests: upper cortex K+ yellow, C-, KC-, P+ yellow; medulla K+ yellow turning deep red, C-, KC-, P+ orange; Secondary metabolites: upper cortex with atranorin and chlorotranorin; medulla with salazinic acid (major) and consalazinic acids (minor).; Substrate and ecology: common on trees in open habitats, occasionally on rocks; World distribution: pantemperate and southern boreal; Sonoran distribution: relatively common on deciduous and coniferous trees in montane habitats of Arizona, on coastal oaks in California and on rocks in the high mountains of northern Baja California.
Fuentes y créditos
- (c) Kristian Peters, algunos derechos reservados (CC BY-NC-SA), http://www.flickr.com/photos/26213090@N05/2478833078
- (c) CALS, algunos derechos reservados (CC BY-NC-ND), subido por CALS
- Adaptado por CALS del trabajo de (c) Wikipedia, algunos derechos reservados (CC BY-SA), http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parmelia_sulcata
- (c) Lichen Unlimited: Arizona State University, Tempe., algunos derechos reservados (CC BY-NC-SA), http://eol.org/data_objects/10547672
Más información
- NaturaLista página del taxón
- Atlas of Living Australia
- Biodiversity Heritage Library
- BOLD Systems BIN search
- CalPhotos
- Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF)
- Maryland Biodiversity Project
- Mushroom Observer
- NatureServe Explorer 2.0
- NBN Atlas
- SEINet Symbiota portals
- USDA PLANTS database
- Ways of Enlichenment
NaturaLista Mapa
| Color | gray, white |
|---|---|
| Form | foliose |
| Morphological feature | pseudocyphellae, soredia |
| Substrate | bark |
